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arXiv.orge-PrintarchiveChangetoarXiv'sprivacypolicyThearXivPrivacyPolicyhaschanged.Bycontinuingtousearxiv.org,youarereeingtotheprivacypolicy.IUnderstandSkiptomaincontentWegratefullyacknowledgesupportfromtheSimonsFoundation,memberinstitutions,andallcontributors.DonateLoginHelp|AdvancedSearchAllfieldsTitleAuthorAbstractCommentsJournalreferenceACMclassificationMSCclassificationReportnumberarXividentifierDOIORCIDarXivauthorIDHelppesFulltextSearchopensearchGOopennigationmenuquicklinksLoginHelpPesAboutarXivisafreedistributionserviceandanopen-accessarchivefornearly2.4millionscholarlyarticlesinthefieldsofphysics,mathematics,computerscience,quantitativebiology,quantitativefinance,statistics,electricalengineeringandsystemsscience,andeconomics.Materialsonthissitearenotpeer-reviewedbyarXiv.Subjectsearchandbrowse:PhysicsMathematicsQuantitativeBiologyComputerScienceQuantitativeFinanceStatisticsElectricalEngineeringandSystemsScienceEconomics//catchupnolonghostedfrommultidocument.getElementById('catchup-btn').addEventListener('click',function(event){document.querySelector('form[name="home-adv-search"]').action="/catchup";});functiondoAdvSearchBtn(event){sel=document.querySelector('select[name="group"]')if(sel&&sel.options&&sel.options[sel.selectedIndex].dataset.url){data_url=sel.options[sel.selectedIndex].dataset.urlif(data_url){window.location=data_url;}else{console.error('homepesearchbutton:nodata_urlfoundforsearch');}}}document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',function(){document.getElementById('adv-search-btn').onclick=doAdvSearchBtn;},false);PhysicsAstrophysics(astro-phnew,recent,search)AstrophysicsofGalaxies;CosmologyandNongalacticAstrophysics;EarthandPlanetaryAstrophysics;HighEnergyAstrophysicalPhenomena;InstrumentationandMethodsforAstrophysics;SolarandStellarAstrophysicsCondensedMatter(cond-matnew,recent,search)DisorderedSystemsandNeuralNetworks;MaterialsScience;MesoscaleandNanoscalePhysics;OtherCondensedMatter;QuantarXiv.org 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